Definition
Warp yarns are the threads running parallel to the lengthwise direction of a woven fabric, collectively forming the warp yarn system (also called the warp). Before weaving, they are wound onto the warp beam and threaded through the heddle eyes of the shafts and the dents of the reed. In combination with the crosswise weft yarns, the characteristic interlaced structure of the woven fabric is created by the raising and lowering of the shafts. Warp yarns are generally subjected to higher stress than weft yarns and are therefore often produced from stronger, higher-tenacity yarns.
Use in the textile industry
Warp yarns are used in nearly all weaving processes, from cotton and linen weaving to silk and wool weaving and the production of technical textiles. Because they are under constant tension and friction during weaving, higher requirements are placed on their tenacity, uniformity, and sizing compatibility than on weft yarns. For technical fabrics — such as webbing, filter materials, or reinforcement fabrics — warp yarns are selected specifically according to their mechanical and chemical performance profiles.
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