Definition
Vulcanization is a chemical process in which natural rubber or synthetic elastomers are converted into a permanently elastic state by cross-linking the polymer chains, classically using sulfur and heat. The chemical bridges formed between the molecular chains give the material significantly higher tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and elasticity compared to the untreated base material. Depending on the degree of cross-linking and process parameters, products ranging from soft, flexible elastomers to hard rubber (ebonite) can be produced.
Use in the textile industry
In the textile industry, vulcanization is used to permanently bond rubber coatings to woven fabrics and technical textiles, such as in protective clothing, conveyor belts, hoses, and waterproof tarpaulins. Rubberized textiles for safety footwear or industrial gloves are often manufactured by vulcanizing elastomer layers onto a carrier fabric, which increases the bond strength and weather resistance of the finished product. Vulcanization also plays a role in elastic tapes and technical sealing elements, since the mechanical properties of the rubber can be precisely tailored to the requirements of the respective textile product.
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