Textile Glossary

Tow

Definition

Tow refers to the short, tangled, or irregular fibers that are separated as a byproduct during the processing of bast fibers — particularly flax (linen) and hemp — through hackling or breaking. Unlike the long, parallel-aligned line fibers, tow fibers are short, coarse, and uneven, and are therefore processed separately. The term is also used generally for short-fiber waste fractions from bast fiber extraction.

Use in the textile industry

Tow is traditionally used for the production of coarse yarns, ropes, insulation material, and sealing cords, as its short fiber length prevents fine spinning. In the construction industry, tow (particularly hemp tow) is used as a sealing material for pipe joints. It also serves as a filling material, as a raw material for burlap-type woven fabrics, and as a source material for paper and fiber-reinforced composites.

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Frequently asked question

Line refers to the long, uniformly aligned fibers obtained as the primary product during the hackling of flax or hemp; these fibers are suitable for fine, even yarns. Tow, by contrast, comprises the short, disordered residual fibers separated out during the same process; they are lower in quality and can only be processed for coarse applications. The difference lies primarily in fiber length, parallelism, and the resulting yarn quality that can be achieved.

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