Textile Glossary

Shives

Definition

Shives are the lignified stem fragments generated during the processing (retting and breaking) of bast fiber plants such as flax (linen) or hemp. They consist of the pith and cortex tissue of the plant stem and are not spinnable, as they lack sufficient fiber length, tensile strength, or flexibility. Shives accumulate as a by-product of scutching and hackling in large quantities and thus represent an unavoidable residual material of bast fiber processing.

Use in the textile industry

In the textile industry itself, shives have no direct application, as they are classified as non-spinnable material. However, they are used as insulation material in the construction sector (e.g., in hemp-lime mixtures), as animal bedding, and as a raw material for the production of particle board and fiberboard. In addition, shives serve as a fuel source for combustion or as a feedstock for the production of pulp and paper.

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Frequently asked question

Tow refers to the short, tangled fibers that accumulate as waste during hackling and are still spinnable, although they yield a coarser yarn than the long line fibers. Shives, by contrast, are lignified plant matter without fiber character and cannot be spun under any circumstances. Both materials are by-products of bast fiber processing, but they differ substantially in their material structure and their potential applications.

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