Textile Glossary

Pile woven fabric

Definition

Pile woven fabrics are textiles in which additional warp or weft yarns (pile yarns) are interwoven into the base construction, forming a layer of yarn loops or a cut pile that projects above the fabric surface. Depending on the finishing method, the result is either uncut loop pile (terry) or cut, upright-standing fibers (cut pile, e.g., velour, velvet). Pile height and pile density are the primary factors determining the hand, thermal insulation, and durability of the fabric. Pile woven fabrics belong to the category of double weaves or pile weave structures and are structurally distinct from plain flat woven fabrics.

Use in the textile industry

Pile woven fabrics are used in the textile industry primarily for terry goods (towels, bathrobe fabrics), upholstery and automotive fabrics (velour, corduroy velvet), floor coverings (carpet woven fabrics), and apparel fabrics such as plush. Their pile surface layer significantly increases thermal insulation, moisture transport, and wearing comfort. In technical applications, such as vehicle interiors, sound absorption and abrasion resistance also play an important role.

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Frequently asked question

Pile woven fabrics are produced by a weaving process in which pile yarns are bound into a woven base structure, whereas knitted pile fabrics (e.g., velour from warp knitting) are produced by a knitting technique. This fundamental difference in manufacturing leads to differing properties with respect to dimensional stability, stretch, and abrasion resistance. Pile woven fabrics are generally more dimensionally stable and less stretchable than knitted pile surfaces.

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