Definition
Milling (also referred to as fulling; German: Walke, Walkvollmaschine, or Walkmaschine) is a textile finishing machine that subjects woolen woven fabrics or woolen knitted fabrics to mechanical pressure, friction, and kneading in combination with moisture and heat. This process causes the wool fibers to interlock irreversibly due to their surface scale structure, resulting in a denser, softer, and more voluminous fabric. The finished product is a textile surface with a reduced stitch or weave structure, increased dimensional stability, and improved thermal insulation.
Use in the textile industry
Milling machines are used primarily in wool and broadcloth processing, for example in the production of loden cloth, wool felt, milled fabrics, and apparel fabrics for coats and technical textiles. Depending on the required degree of consolidation, milling time, temperature, moisture content, and milling auxiliaries (e.g., milling soap) can be varied. Milling is also of particular importance in the production of hat felt and technical felts, where defined thickness and density are critical.
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