Definition
Microfibrils are thread-like, crystalline or semi-crystalline structural units found within the cell wall of plant fibers (such as cotton or flax) and inside synthetic man-made fibers. They consist of bundles of macromolecules, typically cellulose, and represent the next higher hierarchical level above the elementary fibril. Multiple microfibrils in turn aggregate to form macrofibrils, which ultimately build up the visible fiber. The angle at which microfibrils run relative to the fiber axis (microfibril angle) significantly influences mechanical properties such as tensile strength and extensibility of the fiber.
Use in the textile industry
In the textile industry, microfibril structure is particularly relevant for natural fibers such as cotton, flax, and hemp, as it determines their strength, dyeing behavior, and processability. In microfiber woven fabrics made from synthetic polymers, very fine filaments are produced deliberately; their cross-sections exhibit fibril-like structures that create special surface properties such as high absorbency or a soft hand. In addition, the fibrillar structure influences the tendency of fibers to fibrillate — that is, to form surface fuzz — which must be taken into account during textile finishing.
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