Textile Glossary

Bacterial nanocellulose

Definition

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a biopolymeric material synthesized by certain bacterial species — primarily Komagataeibacter xylinus (formerly Gluconacetobacter xylinus) — through fermentation of sugars. It consists of pure cellulose in the form of a highly ordered, three-dimensional nanofiber network with fibril diameters in the range of a few nanometers, making it significantly finer than plant-derived cellulose. This nanostructure gives the material a very high specific surface area, pronounced water absorption capacity, and remarkable mechanical strength at low weight.

Use in the textile industry

In the textile industry, bacterial nanocellulose is being researched and tested as a functional coating for textiles to improve properties such as barrier performance, moisture management, and antimicrobial finishing. It is also used as a reinforcement component in composite materials and as a basis for bio-based, biodegradable nonwovens and membranes. Due to its biological origin and biodegradability, it is of particular interest in the context of sustainable textile development.

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Frequently asked question

Plant-derived cellulose is extracted from the cell walls of plants and always contains associated substances such as hemicellulose and lignin, which must be removed through elaborate processing. Bacterial nanocellulose, by contrast, is synthesized directly by bacteria as a chemically pure product and exhibits a considerably finer fibril structure with higher crystallinity. This purity and nanostructure result in different mechanical and functional properties, but currently make production more complex and costly.

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